“Islamic Civilization During the Caliphate of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Umar ibn al-Khattab” (2026) Journal Islamic Studies and Syariah, 1(1), pp. 49–58. Available at: https://ejournal.al-fatihah.id/index.php/jurissy/article/view/16 (Accessed: 14 April 2026).